Organoids Pamphlet
The Building Blocks for Organoid Research
Organoid models include three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems that closely resemble in vivo organ or tissue. These 3D systems reproduce the complex spatial morphology of a differentiated tissue to allow biologically relevant cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, ideally, sharing similar physiological responses with in vivo differentiated tissues. The major focus of future organoid studies, beside the study of developmental processes, will most likely be in drug testing and disease modeling, such as developmental disorders, genetic conditions, cancer and degenerative disorders. The hope is that organoids are another step in the long way towards in vitro construction of tissues and organs for transplantation in patients.
| Organoids | Proteins & Growth Factors | References |
| Stomach Organoids |
Mahe M. et al. (2013) Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 3:217 Sato T. and H. Clevers (2015) Cell. 161:1700 Bartfeld S. et al. (2015) Gastroenterology. 148:126 |
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| Small Intestinal and Colonic Organoids |
Mahe M. et al. (2013) Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 3:217 Sato T. et al. (2011) Gastroenterology. 141:1762 Sato T. and H. Clevers (2015) Cell. 161:1700 Sato T. and H. Clevers (2009) Nature. 459:262 Jung P. et al. (2011) Nature Medicine. 17:1225 |
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| Liver Organoids |
Sato T. and H. Clevers (2015) Cell. 161:1700 Takebe T. et al. (2013) Nature 499:481 Broutier L. et al. (2016) Nat. Protocols. 11: 1724 |
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| Pancreatic Organoids |
Sato T. and H. Clevers (2015) Cell. 161:1700
Broutier L. et al. (2016) Nature Protocols. 11:1724 |
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| Prostate Organoids |
Karthaus W.R. et al. (2014) Cell. 159:163. Drost J. et al (2016) Nat. Protocols. 11:347 |
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| Lung | Dye B.R. et al. (2015) eLIFE. 4:e05098 | |
| Kidney Organoids |
Xia Y. et al. (2014) Nature Protocols. 9:2693. Xia Y. et al. (2013) Nature Cell Biology. 15:1507. Takasato M. et al. (2014) Nat. Cell Biol. 16:118 |
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| Brain Organoids |
Lancaster M.A. and J. A. Knoblich (2014) Nat. Protocols. 9:2329 Mariani J. et al. (2015) Cell. 162:375 Li Y. et al. (2017) Cell Stem Cell 20:1 |
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| Inner Ear Organoids | Koehler K.R. and E. Hashino (2014) Nat. Protocols. 9:1229. | |
| Immuno Germinal Center - Like Organoids | IL-4 | Purwada A. and Singh A. (2017) Nat. Protocols. 12:168 |
| Retina Organoids | Nakano T. et al. (2012) Cell stem cell. 10: 771 | |
| Mammary Organoids |
Jardé T.et al. (2016) Nat. Commun. 7: 13207 Jamieson PR. et al. (2016) Develompent. :dev-145045 |